Fecal microbiota transplantation improves anti-PD-1 inhibitor efficacy in unresectable or metastatic solid cancers refractory to anti-PD-1 inhibitor

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from anti-PD-1 responders resulted in clinical benefits for 6 of 13 patients with advanced solid cancers, achieving an objective response rate of 7.7%.

• Sustained changes in gut microbiota were observed following FMT.
• Clinical benefits included 1 partial response and 5 cases of stable disease.
• An objective response rate of 7.7% and a disease control rate of 46.2% were reported.
• Increased levels of cytotoxic T cells and immune cytokines were associated with clinical responses.
• Prevotella merdae Immunoactis was isolated and shown to enhance T cell activity and suppress tumor growth in mice.
• Lactobacillus salivarius and Bacteroides plebeius may inhibit anti-tumor immune responses.

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