A viable remedy for overcoming resistance to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy: Fecal microbiota transplantation

Jun 5, 2024Critical reviews in oncology/hematology

Fecal microbiota transplant as a possible way to overcome resistance to anti-PD-1 cancer immunotherapy

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Abstract

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) may improve the effectiveness of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in cancer treatment.

FMT is associated with enhanced efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in advanced melanoma patients.
Alterations in gut microbiota through FMT could boost the immune response against cancerous cells.
Existing studies suggest a potential synergy between FMT and anti-PD-1 therapy in tumor treatment.
Further research is necessary to clarify the advantages and disadvantages of FMT in cancer therapy.

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Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy is a cancer therapy that focuses explicitly on the PD-1 receptor found on the surface of immune cells. This targeted therapeutic strategy is specifically designed to amplify the immune system's innate capacity to detect and subsequently eliminate cells that have become cancerous. Nevertheless, it should be noted that not all patients exhibit a favourable response to this particular therapeutic modality, necessitating the exploration of novel strategies to augment the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Previous studies have shown that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can enhance the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in advanced melanoma patients. To investigate this intriguing possibility further, we turned to PubMed and conducted a comprehensive search for studies that analyzed the interplay between FMT and anti-PD-1 therapy in the context of tumor treatment. Our search criteria were centred around two key phrases: "fecal microbiota transplantation" and "anti-PD-1 therapy." The studies we uncovered all echo a similar sentiment. They pointed towards the potential of FMT to improve the effectiveness of immunotherapy. FMT may enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy by altering the gut microbiota and boosting the patient's immunological response. Although promising, additional investigation is needed to improve the efficacy of FMT in the context of cancer therapy and attain a comprehensive understanding of the possible advantages and drawbacks associated with this therapeutic strategy.

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A viable remedy for overcoming resistance to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy: Fecal microbiota transplantation

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