Flavor molecules regulate appetite through the gut-brain Axis: An emerging perspective

Bioactive flavor molecules may regulate appetite and energy metabolism through three core pathways.

• These molecules can enhance beneficial gut bacteria and produce short-chain fatty acids, which may stimulate hormones that promote feelings of fullness.
• They may activate smell and taste receptors to boost signals that indicate satiety.
• Modulation of neurotransmitters such as GABA, serotonin, and dopamine is associated with balancing pleasure and energy regulation.
• The review synthesizes the combined effects of these molecules, highlighting their roles in microbial, hormonal, and neural interactions.

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