How Genes and Their Regulation Control Cell Aging

Cellular senescence is characterized by stable cell cycle arrest and metabolic alterations.

• Senescence plays a central role in tumor suppression, tissue regeneration, antiviral defense, and various age-related diseases.
• The senescence-associated secretory phenotype includes the secretion of pro-inflammatory and tissue-modifying factors.
• Recent advances in technology may enhance the ability to phenotype, trace, and manipulate senescent cells.
• Key genetic pathways regulating senescence involve DNA damage response, non-genotoxic stress pathways, epigenetic changes, and communication between cells.
• Challenges remain in distinguishing senescence from other cell states, highlighting the need for improved biomarkers.

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