Activating GLP-1 receptors reduces chronic migraine-like symptoms with different effects on opioid and cannabinoid systems in males and females

Chronic migraine (CM) may be influenced by metabolic disturbances and impaired pain inhibition.

• Metabolic issues could trigger the progression of migraine to a chronic state.
• Impaired natural pain control mechanisms is associated with the development of chronic migraine.
• Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) may have potential benefits in managing chronic pain.
• The effects of liraglutide, semaglutide, and dulaglutide are compared to propranolol in a chronic migraine model.
• The study considers possible roles of opioids and endocannabinoids as well as sex differences in treatment response.

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