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The extra‐pancreatic effects of GLP‐1 receptor agonists: a focus on the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and central nervous systems
GLP-1 receptor agonists' effects outside the pancreas on the heart, digestive system, and brain
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Abstract
GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) improve glycaemic control and beta-cell function with a low risk of hypoglycaemia in people with type 2 diabetes.
- GLP-1RAs may have cardioprotective effects, as suggested by preclinical studies.
- Clinical trials indicate GLP-1RAs can positively affect hypertension and dyslipidaemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
- Significant weight loss has been observed in people with type 2 diabetes and in obese individuals without diabetes using GLP-1RAs.
- GLP-1RAs slow gastric emptying, but appetite regulation in the brain may be the primary mechanism for weight loss.
- In rodent models, GLP-1RAs have shown neuroprotective effects in conditions like stroke and Alzheimer's disease.
- Potential adverse effects of GLP-1RA treatment may include gastrointestinal issues, increased heart rate, and renal injury.
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