Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Use is Not Associated With Increased Complications After Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients With Type-2 Diabetes

📖 Top 20% JournalFeb 17, 2025Arthroplasty today

Using Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Medicines Does Not Increase Complications After Knee Replacement in People With Type 2 Diabetes

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Abstract

Among 34,696 type 2 diabetes patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty, GLP-1 agonist use was associated with a 29% lower odds of extended hospital stays.

No significant differences were found in surgical complication rates at 90 days between patients on GLP-1 agonists and those not using them.
Medical complication rates also showed no significant differences at 90 days post-surgery.
There were no differences in rates of all-cause or aseptic revision TKA at one year postoperatively.
GLP-1 agonist use does not appear to increase the risk of complications for patients with diabetes undergoing total knee arthroplasty.

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BACKGROUND: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists have emerged as a powerful diabetic treatment adjunct; however, its effects on outcomes following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are not well known. The purpose of this study was to compare the risk of complications after TKA in patients with type-2 diabetes who were on GLP-1 agonists with those who were not.

METHODS: In total, 34,696 type 2 diabetes patients undergoing primary TKA between 2016 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed utilizing a large national database. Propensity score matching was employed to match patients on GLP-1 agonists to controls at a 1:1 ratio (n = 2388 each). Multivariable logistic regression was utilized to examine 90-day and 1-year TKA outcomes between cohorts.

RESULTS: Controls had higher odds of extended hospital stays (≥3 days) (odds ratio 1.29,< .001). However, surgical complication rates at 90-days including surgical site infection and prosthetic joint infection were not significantly different. Similarly, no differences were seen in medical complications. There were also no significant differences in rates of all-cause revision TKA and aseptic revision TKA at 1 year postoperatively. P

CONCLUSIONS: This study found that GLP-1 agonist use was not associated with increased medical or surgical complication rates in patients with diabetes undergoing TKA and was associated with lower rates of extended hospital stays after surgery. Given the potential for increased glycemic control and weight loss in patients using GLP-1 agonists, more data are needed to delineate the potential role of GLP-1 agonists in preoperative optimization of patients with diabetes prior to joint arthroplasty to minimize postoperative complications.

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