Declaration of interests MAN has been member on advisory boards or has consulted with Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly & Co, Medtronic, Merck, Sharp & Dohme, NovoNordisk, Pfizer, Regor, Sun Pharma, and Structure Therapeutics (Gasherbrum); has received grant support from Merck and Sharp & Dohme; has served on the speakers bureau of Eli Lilly & Co, Merck, Sharp & Dohme, Medscape, Medical Learning Institute, and NovoNordisk; and is on a Data Monitoring and Safety Board for Inventiva. KRT has received investigator-initiated grant support from Travere, Bayer, Benaroya Research Institute, the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, and Breakthrough-T1D; reports consultancy fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, AstraZeneca, Alnylam, Bayer, and ProKidney; and reports speaker fees from Novo Nordisk, Bayer, and Boehringer Ingelheim. She reports US National Institutes of Health research grants R01MD014712, U2CDK114886, UL1TR002319, U54DK083912, U01DK100846, OT2HL161847, UM1AI109568, OT2OD032581, and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention project numbers 75D301-21-P-12254 and 75D301-23-C-18264. She reports being chair of Data Safety Monitoring boards for the US National Institutes of Health National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, and the George Clinical Institute, and reports being a member of the Data Safety Monitoring Board for AstraZeneca. She reports leadership roles as chair for the Diabetic Kidney Disease Collaborative for the American Society of Nephrology, chair for Kidney Week 2025 Program Committee, member of the American Heart Association publication committee, and a member of the American Heart Association–American College of Cardiology Cardiovascular Kidney Metabolic Guideline Committee. MHT has delivered scientific lectures for Boehringer Ingelheim (2024), KG (2024), AstraZeneca (2024), Lilly Deutschland (2024), and Novo Nordisk (2024). He is co-founder of the biotech startup Bluewater Biotech (founded in 2024). As CEO and CSO of Helmholtz Munich, he is co-responsible for countless collaborations of the employees with a multitude of companies and institutions, worldwide. In this capacity, he discusses potential projects with and has signed/signs contracts for the centre's institute(s) related to research collaborations worldwide, including but not limited to pharmaceutical corporations such as Boehringer Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk, Roche Diagnostics, Arbormed, Eli Lilly, SCG Cell Therapy, and others. As the CEO of Helmholtz Munich, he was/is further overall responsible for commercial technology transfer activities. He confirms that, to the best of his knowledge, none of the above funding sources or collaborations were involved in or had an influence on the preparation of this manuscript. MB received honoraria as a consultant and speaker from Abbott, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi–Sankyo, Lilly, MSD, Novo Nordisk, Novartis, Pfizer, and Sanofi; and reports chairing a Clinical Trial Data Safety Monitoring Board for Boehringer Ingelheim.
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