Ageing research reviewsApr 2, 2023

Glycine and Aging: What We Know and How It Works

Longevity & Aging Weekly Brief ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗

Updated Jan 19, 2026

Abstract

Glycine has been identified as a pro-longevity molecule that may extend lifespan in genetically diverse mice and rats.

Glycine is associated with improved health in mammalian models of age-related disease.
Divergent mechanisms may underlie the effects of glycine on aging.
Glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT) plays a crucial role in glycine metabolism and lifespan extension.
In flies, GNMT is necessary for the effects of dietary restriction on lifespan.
Sarcosine levels decline with age and may stimulate cellular cleanup processes known as autophagy.
Existing evidence indicates that glycine may mimic the effects of methionine restriction and activate autophagy to prolong life.

Simplified

The restriction of calories, branched-chain amino acids, and methionine have all been shown to extend lifespan in model organisms. Recently, glycine was found to boost longevity in genetically heterogenous mice. This simple amino acid similarly extends lifespan in rats and improves health in mammalian models of age-related disease. While compelling data indicate that glycine is a pro-longevity molecule, divergent mechanisms may underlie its effects on aging. Glycine is abundant in collagen, a building block for glutathione, a precursor to creatine, and an acceptor for the enzyme glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT). A review of the literature strongly implicates GNMT, which clears methionine from the body by taking a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine and methylating glycine to form sarcosine. In flies, Gnmt is required for reduced insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling and dietary restriction to fully extend lifespan. The geroprotector spermidine requires Gnmt to upregulate autophagy genes and boost longevity. Moreover, the overexpression of Gnmt is sufficient to extend lifespan and reduce methionine levels. Sarcosine, or methylglycine, declines with age in multiple species and is capable of inducing autophagy both in vitro and in vivo. Taken all together, existing evidence suggests that glycine prolongs life by mimicking methionine restriction and activating autophagy.

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Declaration of Competing Interest All authors are full-time employees of the biotechnology company Tally Health, Inc. The authors have no other conflicts of interest to declare.

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Glycine and Aging: What We Know and How It Works

Abstract

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