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Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
- MetS is characterized by central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and impaired glucose metabolism.
- Alterations in gut microbiota may link to metabolic dysfunction through mechanisms such as intestinal permeability and chronic low-grade inflammation.
- Microbial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids and lipopolysaccharides, are implicated in the pathogenesis of MetS.
- Gut-brain communication involves neural, endocrine, and immune pathways, which may be influenced by gut-derived neurotransmitters.
- Gene-microbiome interactions could affect individual metabolic responses and disease risk.
- Personalized approaches that target microbial and genetic factors may enhance prevention and treatment strategies for MetS.
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