The gut–brain axis: role of gut microbiota in neurological disease pathogenesis and pharmacotherapeutics

Dysbiosis of the gut is related to a variety of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases.

• The gut-brain axis involves complex communication between the gut and the central nervous system through various pathways.
• Gut microbiota may influence neurological health by regulating the synthesis of neurotransmitters.
• Emerging evidence suggests that imbalances in gut microbiota are associated with conditions such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and depression.
• Gut microbes are linked to neuroimmune signaling and the integrity of the blood-brain barrier.
• Microbiota-targeted interventions, including probiotics and dietary changes, may help restore microbial balance and improve disease symptoms.
• Future research is needed to understand microbial mechanisms and to conduct large, randomized controlled trials for microbiota-based therapies.

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