Disruptions in gut microbial-host co-metabolism and the development of metabolic disorders

Apr 18, 2018Clinical science (London, England : 1979)

How Changes in Gut Microbes and Body Metabolism Are Linked to Metabolic Disorders

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Abstract

Disruption of gut microbiota balance, known as gut dysbiosis, is linked to metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes.

Gut dysbiosis alters metabolic products produced by microbiota.
These altered products may shift the host's metabolic balance towards chronic inflammation.
Chronic inflammation is a key feature of metabolic syndrome.
Research on bacterial metabolites provides insights into their effects on host metabolism.
Understanding gut dysbiosis could lead to solutions for metabolic diseases.

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The microbial-mammalian metabolic axis has become recognized as an important component governing the overall homeostatic balance of the mammalian host. Disruption of the state of homeostasis among the gut microbiota has been shown to be causally linked to the development of host metabolic diseases including obesity, cardiovascular, diabetes, and fatty liver disease. This disruption is often referred to as gut dysbiosis. Gut dysbiosis leads to altered metabolic products derived from the microbiota and these in turn, typically shift the homeostatic metabolic balance of the host towards a low-grade chronic inflammation, a hallmark of metabolic syndrome. The primary objective of this review is to examine and discuss some very current research that has been done to study the effect of bacterial metabolites on host metabolism, sometimes referred to as microbiota-host co-metabolism. The metabolic conditions reviewed here include obesity, a known risk factor for all of the other metabolic conditions, as well as, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Only by further understanding the cause and result of gut dysbiosis will an adequate solution be found for metabolic disease, a viewpoint shared by many.

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Disruptions in gut microbial-host co-metabolism and the development of metabolic disorders

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