Alteration of Gut Microbial Metabolites in the Systemic Circulation of Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

Mar 28, 2022Journal of Parkinson's disease

Changes in Gut Microbe Chemicals in the Blood of People with Parkinson's Disease

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Abstract

Patients with Parkinson's disease had significantly higher plasma levels of hippuric acid, indole-3-propionic acid, deoxycholic acid, and glycodeoxycholic acid compared to healthy controls.

Higher levels of hippuric acid (HA), indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), and glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA) were found in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.
In a multivariate analysis, HA, IPA, and GDCA levels were associated with positive PD status, with odds ratios of 3.21, 2.59, and 2.82, respectively.
No correlation was observed between these metabolite concentrations and motor or cognitive severity of PD after adjusting for confounders.
The levels of microbial metabolites were linked to the abundance of pro-inflammatory gut bacteria.

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BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence suggests that gut dysbiosis contributes to Parkinson's disease (PD) by signaling through microbial metabolites. Hippuric acid (HA), indole derivatives, and secondary bile acids are among the most common gut metabolites.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship of systemic concentrations of these microbial metabolites associated with changes of gut microbiota, PD status, and severity of PD.

METHODS: We enrolled 56 patients with PD and 43 age- and sex-matched healthy participants. Motor and cognitive severity were assessed with Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) part III motor score and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), respectively. Plasma concentrations of targeted gut metabolites were measured with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Gut microbiota was analyzed with shotgun metagenomic sequencing.

RESULTS: Compared with controls, PD patients had significantly higher plasma levels of HA, indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), and glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA). After adjustment for age and sex in a multivariate logistic regression analysis, plasma levels of HA (odds ratio [OR] 3.21, p < 0.001), IPA (OR 2.59, p = 0.031), and GDCA (OR 2.82, p = 0.036) were associated with positive PD status. Concentrations of these gut metabolites did not correlate with MDS-UPDRS part III score or MMSE after adjustment for confounders. Microbial metabolite levels were associated with the relative abundance of pro-inflammatory gut bacteria.

CONCLUSION: Aberrant gut microbial metabolites of HA, indole derivatives and secondary bile acids associated with specific gut microbiota changes were observed in patients with PD.

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Alteration of Gut Microbial Metabolites in the Systemic Circulation of Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

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