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Gut microbiome and atrial fibrillation: mechanistic insights metabolites and comorbidities. Systematic review
Gut bacteria, their byproducts, and related health conditions linked to irregular heartbeat
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Abstract
The composition in patients with (AF) shows significant alterations compared to healthy individuals.
- The gut microbiome in AF patients features increased levels of certain bacterial genera and decreased levels of others.
- Distinct microbial changes in AF are also observed in related conditions such as heart failure, hypertension, diabetes, and coronary artery disease.
- Gut-derived metabolites like and choline are associated with new-onset and postoperative AF, potentially influencing disease mechanisms.
- Short-chain fatty acids, which are reduced in AF patients, may have protective effects against the condition.
- Elevated levels of lipopolysaccharides correlate with AF onset and recurrence, likely due to inflammatory processes.
- Other metabolites, such as indoxyl sulfate and bile acids, may promote arrhythmias through mechanisms involving oxidative stress and disrupted calcium signaling.
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Key numbers
10–16%
Increased risk per level
Risk increase based on findings from a large prospective study.
2.88
Odds of postoperative with elevated
Odds ratio from a smaller study involving 100 patients.
3.67
recurrence risk associated with indoxyl sulfate
Adjusted hazard ratio from a prospective cohort study of 105 patients.