How gut bacteria interact with the brain: processes, health problems, and treatment options

Disturbances in the gut microbiota-brain axis are consistently associated with metabolic, autoimmune, and neuropsychiatric disorders.

• The gut microbiota-brain axis involves a complex communication network integrating neural, hormonal, immune, and metabolic signals.
• Current evidence from human studies is largely correlative, and causal relationships are still being explored.
• Microbial-derived metabolites may influence brain function, cognitive abilities, mood regulation, and stress responses.
• Therapeutic strategies include psychobiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, alongside dietary approaches like prebiotics and fiber-rich foods.
• Understanding the gut microbiota-brain axis may lead to personalized strategies for managing neuropsychiatric diseases.

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