The association between gut microbiota and cognitive decline: A systematic review of the literature

Fifteen studies involving 4,275 participants suggest that gut microbiota modulation may improve cognitive function in adults over 45 with cognitive impairment.

• Microbiota-targeted interventions included probiotic supplementation, fecal microbiota transplantation, and specific dietary strategies.
• Cognitive improvements were noted in memory, executive function, and overall cognition, especially among individuals with mild cognitive impairment.
• Enhanced microbial diversity and increased production of beneficial short-chain fatty acids were associated with cognitive benefits.
• Reduced neuroinflammatory markers were also linked to positive cognitive outcomes.
• The effects of microbiota modulation were less pronounced in individuals with advanced Alzheimer's disease.
• Variability in study design and interventions indicates a need for larger, long-term randomized controlled trials to better understand these effects.

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