Gut Microbiota-Mediated Alterations of Hippocampal CB1R Regulating the Diurnal Variation of Cognitive Impairment Induced by Hepatic Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury in Mice

Jun 2, 2024Neurochemical research

Gut Bacteria Affect Brain Receptors That Influence Daily Changes in Memory Problems After Liver Injury in Mice

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Abstract

Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) at night (ZT12) is associated with learning and short-term memory impairment compared to morning (ZT0) surgery.

Cognitive deficits following HIRI are linked to changes in gut microbiota composition and metabolites.
Hippocampal expression of the cannabinoid receptor CB1R is down-regulated in ZT12-HIRI mice compared to ZT0-HIRI mice.
Fecal microbiota transplantation from ZT12-HIRI mice induces cognitive impairment and reduces hippocampal CB1R and β-arrestin1 levels.
Inhibition of CB1R using AM251 results in cognitive impairment in ZT0-HIRI mice.
Administration of the CB1R agonist WIN 55,212-2 improves cognitive function in ZT12-HIRI mice.

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Patients suffering from hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) frequently exhibit postoperative cognitive deficits. Our previous observations have emphasized the diurnal variation in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced cognitive impairment, in which gut microbiota-associated hippocampal lipid metabolism plays an important role. Herein, we further investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in the process. Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion surgery was performed under morning (ZT0, 08:00) and evening (ZT12, 20:00). Fecal microbiota transplantation was used to associate HIRI model with pseudo-germ-free mice. The novel object recognition test and Y-maze test were used to assess cognitive function. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and analysis were used for microbial analysis. Western blotting was used for hippocampal protein analysis. Compared with the ZT0-HIRI group, ZT12-HIRI mice showed learning and short term memory impairment, accompanied by down-regulated expression of hippocampal CB1R, but not CB2R. Both gut microbiota composition and microbiota metabolites were significantly different in ZT12-HIRI mice compared with ZT0-HIRI. Fecal microbiota transplantation from the ZT12-HIRI was demonstrated to induce cognitive impairment behavior and down-regulated hippocampal CB1R and β-arrestin1. Intraperitoneal administration of CB1R inhibitor AM251 (1 mg/kg) down-regulated hippocampal CB1R and caused cognitive impairment in ZT0-HIRI mice. And intraperitoneal administration of CB1R agonist WIN 55,212-2 (1 mg/kg) up-regulated hippocampal CB1R and improved cognitive impairment in ZT12-HIRI mice. In summary, the results suggest that gut microbiota may regulate the diurnal variation of HIRI-induced cognitive function by interfering with hippocampal CB1R.

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Gut Microbiota-Mediated Alterations of Hippocampal CB1R Regulating the Diurnal Variation of Cognitive Impairment Induced by Hepatic Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury in Mice

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