Gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease

Dec 30, 2017Clinical journal of gastroenterology

Gut bacteria linked to the development of inflammatory bowel disease

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Abstract

Dysbiosis in the gut microbiota is associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing globally.
IBD includes chronic conditions like ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
The etiology of IBD is not fully understood, involving genetics, environmental factors, and immune responses.
The gut microbiota plays a role in nutrition, immune function, and host defense.
Alterations in the gut microbiota composition, termed dysbiosis, have been identified in IBD patients.
Therapeutic options to address dysbiosis include probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation.

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory disorder of the intestine. Although its incidence is increasing globally, the precise etiology remains unclear and a cure for IBD has yet to be discovered. The most accepted hypothesis of IBD pathogenesis is that complex interactions between genetics, environmental factors, and the host immune system lead to aberrant immune responses and chronic intestinal inflammation. The human gut harbors a complex and abundant aggregation of microbes, collectively referred to as the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota has physiological functions associated with nutrition, the immune system, and defense of the host. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing technology have identified alteration of the composition and function of the gut microbiota, which is referred to as dysbiosis, in IBD. Clinical and experimental data suggest dysbiosis may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of IBD. This review is focused on the physiological function of the gut microbiota and the association between the gut microbiota and pathogenesis in IBD. In addition, we review the therapeutic options for manipulating the altered gut microbiota, such as probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation.

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Gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract

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