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Circulation···
Lower risk of heart failure and death with SGLT2 inhibitor drugs compared to other diabetes medicines
Updated
Abstract
In a study of 309,056 patients, SGLT-2 inhibitors were associated with a lower risk of hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) and death compared to other glucose-lowering drugs.
- SGLT-2 inhibitors were linked to a 39% reduction in HHF risk (hazard ratio, 0.61).
- A 51% reduction in death risk was observed with SGLT-2 inhibitors (hazard ratio, 0.49).
- The combined risk of HHF or death decreased by 46% with SGLT-2 inhibitors (hazard ratio, 0.54).
- No significant differences in outcomes were found across the six countries studied.
Simplified
BACKGROUND: Reduction in cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) was recently reported with the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT-2i) empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We compared HHF and death in patients newly initiated on any SGLT-2i versus other glucose-lowering drugs in 6 countries to determine if these benefits are seen in real-world practice and across SGLT-2i class.
METHODS: Data were collected via medical claims, primary care/hospital records, and national registries from the United States, Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Propensity score for SGLT-2i initiation was used to match treatment groups. Hazard ratios for HHF, death, and their combination were estimated by country and pooled to determine weighted effect size. Death data were not available for Germany.
RESULTS: After propensity matching, there were 309 056 patients newly initiated on either SGLT-2i or other glucose-lowering drugs (154 528 patients in each treatment group). Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and empagliflozin accounted for 53%, 42%, and 5% of the total exposure time in the SGLT-2i class, respectively. Baseline characteristics were balanced between the 2 groups. There were 961 HHF cases during 190 164 person-years follow-up (incidence rate, 0.51/100 person-years). Of 215 622 patients in the United States, Norway, Denmark, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, death occurred in 1334 (incidence rate, 0.87/100 person-years), and HHF or death in 1983 (incidence rate, 1.38/100 person-years). Use of SGLT-2i, versus other glucose-lowering drugs, was associated with lower rates of HHF (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.51-0.73;<0.001); death (hazard ratio, 0.49; 95% confidence interval, 0.41-0.57;<0.001); and HHF or death (hazard ratio, 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.48-0.60;<0.001) with no significant heterogeneity by country. P P P
CONCLUSIONS: In this large multinational study, treatment with SGLT-2i versus other glucose-lowering drugs was associated with a lower risk of HHF and death, suggesting that the benefits seen with empagliflozin in a randomized trial may be a class effect applicable to a broad population of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in real-world practice.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02993614.
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