HMB activates a key enzyme and changes daily biological rhythms in muscle cells

HMB treatment of C2C12 myotubes resulted in activation of P70S6K and S6 without activating AKT and mTOR.

• HMB is a breakdown product of leucine known to promote muscle growth.
• Previous studies have shown conflicting evidence regarding HMB's activation of AKT and mTOR.
• In this study, HMB treatment resulted in the activation of P70S6K and S6, but not AKT and mTOR.
• The activation of P70S6K and S6 occurred even with the presence of inhibitors of mTOR.
• HMB treatment also led to increased activation of phospholipase D2 (PLD).
• HMB was associated with high amplitude and advanced circadian rhythms.

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