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Abstract
Melatonin production and rhythms may be disrupted as early as the first preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease (neuropathological Braak stage I-II).
- The pineal gland produces melatonin, regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which is synchronized to the 24-hour day by environmental light.
- Melatonin is associated with the regulation of circadian rhythms and may act as an antioxidant and neuroprotector, particularly in aging and Alzheimer's disease.
- Circadian disorders, including sleep-wake cycle disturbances, are linked to aging and are more pronounced in Alzheimer's disease.
- Dysfunction in the sympathetic regulation of pineal melatonin synthesis by the SCN may contribute to changes in melatonin production during early stages of Alzheimer's disease.
- Light therapy and melatonin supplementation could potentially reactivate the circadian system and alleviate clinical circadian disturbances.
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