Hyodeoxycholic acid reduces intestinal cell growth through a specific cell signaling pathway and changes bile acid metabolism affected by gut bacteria

Hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA) suppressed intestinal epithelial cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo.

• In vitro studies indicated that HDCA reduced the proliferation of IPEC-J2 cells through the bile acid receptor FXR.
• The inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by HDCA was observed, and activation of AKT or knocking down FXR negated its effects.
• In weaned piglets, dietary HDCA led to decreased expression of markers related to cell proliferation and inhibited the PI3K/AKT pathway.
• HDCA altered bile acid metabolism, resulting in a decrease in primary bile acids and an increase in total and secondary bile acids in feces.
• There was a reduction of conjugated bile acids in serum and an increase in gut bacteria associated with bile acid metabolism due to HDCA treatment.

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