Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeuticsOct 5, 2025

Low antibody levels after non-anti-CD20 treatments and effects of switching to rituximab or ocrelizumab in multiple sclerosis

Psychedelic Science Weekly Brief ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗

Updated Jan 2, 2026

Abstract

Among 417 patients with multiple sclerosis, 29% of those previously treated with fingolimod exhibited hypogammaglobulinemia before switching to rituximab or ocrelizumab.

Hypogammaglobulinemia, defined as an IgG level below 7 g/L, was rare in treatment-naïve and moderate-efficacy DMT groups at 2%.
Increased rates of hypogammaglobulinemia were observed in patients previously treated with fingolimod (29%) and natalizumab (14%).
One year after starting rituximab or ocrelizumab, IgG levels decreased slightly in treatment-naïve patients but remained stable in those previously treated with natalizumab or moderate-efficacy DMTs.
In patients previously treated with fingolimod, IgG levels increased significantly from 8.0 to 8.6 g/L, accompanied by a decline in hypogammaglobulinemia prevalence from 29% to 21.5%.
Switching to rituximab or ocrelizumab after discontinuing fingolimod may not lead to a short-term decrease in IgG levels and could improve IgG levels.

Simplified

Some people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) exhibit reduced serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels, potentially due to disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), which raises concerns about initiating anti-CD20 therapies. We assessed the frequency of hypogammaglobulinemia in PwMS who previously received non-anti-CD20 DMTs and evaluated short-term Ig level changes after switching to rituximab (RTX) or ocrelizumab (OCR). This retrospective study included PwMS starting RTX or OCR, with or without prior DMT exposure. Patients were grouped as treatment-naïve or receiving fingolimod (FING), natalizumab (NTZ), or moderate-efficacy DMTs (interferons, glatiramer acetate, dimethyl fumarate, or teriflunomide) before the switch. Among 417 included patients, 89 were treatment-naïve, 207 had received FING, 70 NTZ, and 51 moderate-efficacy DMTs. Before switching, hypogammaglobulinemia (IgG level <7 g/L) was rare in treatment-naïve and moderate-efficacy DMT groups (2 %) but more frequent after FING (29 %) and NTZ (14 %) treatment. One year after initiating RTX/OCR, IgG level slightly decreased in treatment-naïve patients (p < 0.05), remained stable in NTZ and moderate-efficacy DMT groups, and increased significantly in FING-treated patients (8.0-8.6 g/L, p < 0.0001), with a decline in hypogammaglobulinemia prevalence (29 %-21.5 %). FING exposure was associated with frequent IgG hypogammaglobulinemia, but switching to RTX/OCR was not linked to a short-term decrease in IgG level; instead, it led to a significant increase in level. These findings support that hypogammaglobulinemia should not be an absolute contraindication to switching to RTX/OCR after FING discontinuation given their efficacy in preventing MS reactivation. A secondary de-escalation strategy may be considered based on individual risk profiles and IgG level trajectories.

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Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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Low antibody levels after non-anti-CD20 treatments and effects of switching to rituximab or ocrelizumab in multiple sclerosis

Abstract

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