Intermittent fasting increases energy expenditure and promotes adipose tissue browning in mice

Jun 18, 2019Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)

Intermittent fasting raises energy use and turns fat into heat-producing tissue in mice

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Regenerative Health on OpenScience ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗

Abstract

Intermittent fasting for 8 weeks reduced body weight by an average of 12% in diet-induced obese mice.

Energy intake was also reduced in high-fat diet-fed mice during the intermittent fasting period.
Increased energy expenditure was observed in both lean and obese mice following intermittent fasting.
Markers of white adipose tissue browning, including uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) levels, were enhanced in inguinal fat of mice.
In women who were overweight or obese, intermittent fasting led to weight loss and decreased fat mass, but did not affect UCP1 mRNA levels.
The findings suggest that intermittent fasting may influence energy metabolism differently in mice compared to women.

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OBJECTIVE: Intermittent fasting (IF) may limit metabolic adaptations that reduce energy expenditure, potentially by stimulating white adipose tissue (WAT) browning. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of 8 wk of IF on energy metabolism and markers of WAT browning in lean and diet-induced obese mice and in women who were overweight or obese.

METHODS: Male C57 BL/6 J mice were fed chow or a high-fat diet (HFD; 43%) for 8 wk before undergoing IF (3 non-consecutive d/wk) for an additional 8 wk. Food intake, energy expenditure, and inguinal and gonadal fat pads were collected in fed or fasted conditions (22 h, IF mice only). Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) was also collected at baseline, and after 8 wk of IF (in the fed state, and after a 24-h fast), in women with overweight or obesity. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (mice and humans) and immunohistochemistry (mice).

RESULTS: IF reduced body weight and energy intake in HFD fed mice and reduced gonadal and inguinal fat pad weights in both diet groups. IF increased energy expenditure, meal number, Ucp1 mRNA levels in inguinal and gonadal fat depots, and UCP1 protein in inguinal fat in both diet groups on fed days. In women, IF reduced body weight and fat mass, but did not alter UCP1mRNA levels.

CONCLUSIONS: IF increased energy expenditure and promoted WAT browning in mice but did not alter UCP1 mRNA levels in SAT in women.

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Intermittent fasting increases energy expenditure and promotes adipose tissue browning in mice

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