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Decreased Kidney Function Is Associated with Enhanced Hepatic Flavin Monooxygenase Activity and Increased Circulating Trimethylamine N-Oxide Concentrations in Mice
Reduced Kidney Function Is Linked to Higher Liver Enzyme Activity and Increased Blood Levels of Trimethylamine N-Oxide in Mice
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Abstract
Serum TMAO concentrations were significantly higher in chronic kidney disease (CKD) mice compared to non-CKD mice, with females showing 29.4 ± 32.1M versus 6.9 ± 6.1M and males 18.5 ± 13.1M versus 1.0 ± 0.5M.
- CKD mice displayed markedly decreased renal clearance of TMAO compared to non-CKD mice, with females at 5.2 ± 3.8 l/min versus 90.4 ± 78.1 l/min and males at 10.4 ± 8.1 l/min versus 260.4 ± 134.5 l/min.
- An increase in hepatic production of TMAO was observed in CKD animals, attributed to higher activity of a specific enzyme involved in TMAO formation.
- Increased expression of the enzyme responsible for TMAO production was noted in CKD mice, suggesting a potential mechanism for TMAO accumulation.
- The findings indicate that both reduced kidney function and enhanced liver production may be linked to the elevated serum TMAO levels in CKD.
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