BACKGROUND: Combined spinal-epidural (CSE) analgesia delivers rapid labor pain relief, yet high intrathecal opioid doses carry adverse effects, and ultra-low doses shorten block duration. Whether a low intrathecal dose of ropivacaine-sufentanil within CSE reduces clinician-delivered rescue boluses, compared with epidural analgesia (EA) or dural-puncture epidural (DPE), remains unclear.
METHODS: Laboring women requesting neuraxial analgesia were randomized to three groups: EA, DPE, and CSE. In the CSE group, analgesia was initiated with 2 mL of solution (1 mL 0.1% ropivacaine plus 1 mL containing 1 μg sufentanil), while the EA and DPE groups received 15 mL of 0.09% ropivacaine with 0.4 μg/mL sufentanil. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients requiring supplemental provider-administered analgesia for breakthrough pain. Secondary outcomes included analgesia onset time, VAS scores at multiple time points, patient-controlled epidural analgesia button presses, and cumulative analgesic consumption.
RESULTS: A total of 131 women completed the study: 42 (EA), 44 (DPE), and 45 (CSE). After adjusting for age, gestational age, cervical dilation, ASA status, BMI, and baseline VAS, the CSE group showed a significantly lower need for supplemental analgesia compared to EA (22% vs 48%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.10-0.78; P=0.013). The DPE group (30%) also exhibited a lower incidence than EA, but the difference did not reach significance (aOR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.16-1.09; P=0.09). Between CSE and DPE, no significant difference emerged (aOR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.24-1.74; P=0.27). The primary hypothesis that CSE would outperform both EA and DPE was not fully supported. For secondary outcomes, the CSE group demonstrated faster onset and significantly lower VAS scores at prespecified intervals than DPE and EA (P<0.001).
CONCLUSION: Low-dose intrathecal ropivacaine-sufentanil CSE reduced supplemental analgesia needs versus EA but not DPE. Although CSE produced a faster onset and greater sensory block, its superiority over DPE was not established. Thus, CSE and DPE are clinically acceptable, with CSE potentially favored where minimal breakthrough pain is prioritized; further multicenter studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR2300076206. The trial is publicly available and is registered at www.chictr.org.cn on Sept 7, 2023.
