Lactate from low-oxygen tumor cells may cause immune cells to age and shift to a tumor-supporting type, speeding up endometrial cancer growth

Ethical approval statement: Bioinformatics data were downloaded from publicly available databases. The study involving patient data in this database was approved by the institutional ethics committee, and all patients provided informed consent. The animal experiments were conducted in strict compliance with the National Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals in China and approved by the Ethics Committee of Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University (Approval No. AE20250014). The clinical sample experiments were approved by the Ethics Committee of Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University (IRB-20250185-R) and performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before clinical samples were collected, ensuring they were fully informed about the research purposes and use of their samples. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.