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Abstract
Essence
Artificial light at night can substantially disrupt biology across species, and warm broad-spectrum light may be nearly as disruptive as cool light even at low levels.
Evidence
This meta-analysis synthesized studies across organisms on how ALAN wavelength and illuminance affect circadian rhythms, melatonin production, and nocturnal activity, including effects below 5 lx.
Caveat
Because the evidence pools diverse species, settings, and exposure patterns, the results do not support a single dose-response rule or a universally safe spectrum.
Simplified
Circadian Biology