Liraglutide and a lipidized analog of prolactin-releasing peptide show neuroprotective effects in a mouse model of β-amyloid pathology

Nov 15, 2018Neuropharmacology

Liraglutide and a fatty version of prolactin-releasing peptide protect brain cells in a mouse model of beta-amyloid buildup

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Abstract

Palm-PrRP31 treatment for 2 months significantly reduced Aβ plaque load in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice.

Both palm-PrRP31 and liraglutide treatments decreased Aβ plaque load in the hippocampus.
Palm-PrRP31 significantly reduced hippocampal microgliosis and cortical astrocytosis.
Treatment with palm-PrRP31 tended to increase neurogenesis, indicated by more doublecortin-positive cells.
A significant decrease in Tau phosphorylation at Thr231 was observed after treatment with both compounds.
Both treatments reduced levels of caspase 3, which is involved in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.
Palm-PrRP31 increased protein levels of the pre-synaptic marker synaptophysin, suggesting potential synapse preservation.

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Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are important risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Drugs originally developed for T2DM treatment, e.g., analog of glucagon-like peptide 1 liraglutide, have shown neuroprotective effects in mouse models of AD. We previously examined the neuroprotective properties of palm-PrRP31, an anorexigenic and glucose-lowering analog of prolactin-releasing peptide, in a mouse model of AD-like Tau pathology, THY-Tau22 mice. Here, we demonstrate the neuroprotective effects of palm-PrRP31 in double transgenic APP/PS1 mice, a model of AD-like β-amyloid (Aβ) pathology. The 7-8-month-old APP/PS1 male mice were subcutaneously injected with liraglutide or palm-PrRP31 for 2 months. Both the liraglutide and palm-PrRP31 treatments reduced the Aβ plaque load in the hippocampus. Palm-PrRP31 also significantly reduced hippocampal microgliosis, consistent with our observations of a reduced Aβ plaque load, and reduced cortical astrocytosis, similar to the treatment with liraglutide. Palm-PrRP31 also tended to increase neurogenesis, as indicated by the number of doublecortin-positive cells in the hippocampus. After the treatment with both anorexigenic compounds, we observed a significant decrease in Tau phosphorylation at Thr231, one of the first epitopes phosphorylated in AD. This effect was probably caused by elevated activity of protein phosphatase 2A subunit C, the main Tau phosphatase. Both liraglutide and palm-PrRP31 reduced the levels of caspase 3, which has multiple roles in the pathogenesis of AD. Palm-PrRP31 increased protein levels of the pre-synaptic marker synaptophysin, suggesting that palm-PrRP31 might help preserve synapses. These results indicate that palm-PrRP31 has promising potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11

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Liraglutide and a lipidized analog of prolactin-releasing peptide show neuroprotective effects in a mouse model of β-amyloid pathology

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