Liver aging: underlying mechanisms and therapeutic strategies

Aug 31, 2025Molecular aspects of medicine

How the Liver Ages and Possible Treatments to Slow It Down

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Abstract

Liver aging may contribute significantly to disease progression due to structural and functional deterioration.

The liver experiences both structural and functional deterioration as it ages.
Age-related liver aging is associated with factors such as oxidative stress and chronic inflammation.
Genomic instability and changes in gene expression regulation may play a role in liver aging.
This review consolidates various mechanisms of liver aging into a theoretical framework.
Current intervention strategies discussed include dietary changes, exercise, pharmacological therapies, and gene editing.

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The accelerating pace of global aging underscores the urgent need to address age-related physiological decline and its associated pathologies. The liver, a central organ for metabolic and immune regulation, undergoes structural and functional deterioration with advanced age, positioning liver aging as a critical concern in geriatric medicine. Due to the liver's cellular heterogeneity and complex physiology, our understanding of its aging mechanisms remains fragmented, lacking an integrated framework to consolidate factors such as oxidative stress, inflammaging, metabolic reprogramming, genomic instability, and epigenetic dysregulation. This review systematically summarizes the physiological processes and molecular mechanisms of liver aging, explores its contributions to disease progression, and discusses current intervention strategies, including dietary and exercise regimens, pharmacological therapies, and gene-editing technologies. By synthesizing existing evidence, this review provides a theoretical framework to advance the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying liver aging and inform the development of innovative anti-aging interventions.

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