The development of melanopsin‐containing retinal ganglion cells in mice with early retinal degeneration

Feb 10, 2009The European journal of neuroscience

Development of light-sensitive eye cells in mice with early vision loss

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Abstract

Adult CBA/J mice exhibit greater numbers of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) compared to controls.

The study assessed the impact of retinal degeneration on ipRGCs in CBA/J mice.
Dendritic structure and distribution of ipRGCs remained unchanged despite early retinal degeneration.
Normal development of the outer retina does not appear to be essential for ipRGC development.
Increased numbers of ipRGCs in adult CBA/J mice suggest a potential role of outer retinal photoreceptors in influencing ipRGC cell death during development.

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In mammals, the neuronal pathways by which rod and cone photoreceptors mediate vision have been well documented. The roles that classical photoreceptors play in photoentrainment, however, have been less clear. In mammals, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) that express the photopigment melanopsin project directly to the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, the site of the circadian clock, and thereby contribute to non-image-forming responses to light. Classical photoreceptors are not necessary for photoentrainment as loss of rods and cones does not eliminate light entrainment. Conflicting evidence arose, however, when attenuated phase-shifting responses were observed in the retinal-degenerate CBA/J mouse. In this study, we examined the time course of retinal degeneration in CBA/J mice and used these animals to determine if maturation of the outer retina regulates the morphology, number and distribution of ipRGCs. We also examined whether degeneration during the early development of the outer retina can alter the function of the adult circadian system. We report that dendritic stratification and distribution of ipRGCs was unaltered in mice with early retinal degeneration, suggesting that normal development of the outer retina was not necessary for these processes. We found, however, that adult CBA/J mice have greater numbers of ipRGCs than controls, implicating a role for the outer retinal photoreceptors in regulating developmental cell death of ipRGCs.

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The development of melanopsin‐containing retinal ganglion cells in mice with early retinal degeneration

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