Mental health and its correlates among children and adolescents during COVID-19 school closure: The importance of parent-child discussion

Oct 25, 2020Journal of affective disorders

Children and Teens' Mental Health During COVID-19 School Closures Linked to Parent-Child Conversations

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Abstract

Anxiety affected 24.9% of primary and secondary school students surveyed during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Depression and stress were reported by 19.7% and 15.2% of students, respectively.
Participants generally expressed life satisfaction, with 21.4% reporting increased satisfaction during school closures.
Higher grade levels were associated with increased mental health symptoms and decreased life satisfaction.
Perceived benefits from home quarantine and engaging in discussions about COVID-19 with parents were linked to lower levels of mental health symptoms and higher life satisfaction.
Students who perceived no benefits from home quarantine but had parent-child discussions reported less depression, anxiety, and stress.

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BACKGROUND: School closures due to the COVID-19 outbreak have affected 87% of the world's students physically, socially, and psychologically, yet rigorous investigation into their mental health during this period is still lacking.

METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey of 4-342 primary and secondary school students from Shanghai, China was conducted during March 13-23, 2020. Besides demographic information, psychological distress (including depression, anxiety, and stress), life satisfaction, perceived impact of home quarantine, and parent-child discussions on COVID-19 were assessed.

RESULTS: The three most prevalent symptoms were: anxiety (24.9%), depression (19.7%), and stress (15.2%). Participants were generally satisfied with life and 21.4% became more satisfied with life during school closures. Senior grades were positively correlated with psychopathological symptoms and negatively associated with life satisfaction, whereas the perceived benefit from home quarantine and parent-child discussions on COVID-19 were negatively correlated with psychopathological symptoms and positively correlated with life satisfaction. Among participants who perceived no benefit from home quarantine, those who had discussions with their parents about COVID-19 experienced less depression, anxiety, and stress.

LIMITATIONS: Limitations included the inability to infer the casual relationship, no parental report for mental health of children aged 6 to 9, and the inadequate measurement of parent-child discussion.

CONCLUSIONS: Mental health problems and resilience co-existed in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 outbreak. Given the important role of parent-child discussions, open communication between parents and children about the pandemic should be encouraged to help children and adolescents cope with mental health problems in public health crisis.

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Mental health and its correlates among children and adolescents during COVID-19 school closure: The importance of parent-child discussion

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