Impact of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Senescence on Inflammaging

Jan 23, 2020BMB reports

How aging in stem cells affects chronic inflammation in aging

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Abstract

Abnormal activation of immune cells in older individuals is associated with chronic mild inflammation, known as inflammaging.

Aging alters the immune system, leading to an imbalance between innate and adaptive immunity.
Senescent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) display features linked to the development of inflammaging.
Changes in MSCs may skew blood cell production towards a type that promotes inflammation.
Senescent MSCs produce pro-inflammatory substances that could contribute to chronic inflammation.
The modulative properties of MSCs on immune cell behavior diminish with age, potentially exacerbating inflammaging.

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Life expectancy has dramatically increased around the world over the last few decades, and staying healthier longer, without chronic disease, has become an important issue. Although understanding aging is a grand challenge, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the degeneration of cell and tissue functions with age and its contribution to chronic disease has greatly advanced during the past decade. As our immune system alters with aging, abnormal activation of immune cells leads to imbalance of innate and adaptive immunity and develops a persistent and mild systemic inflammation, inflammaging. With their unique therapeutic properties, such as immunomodulation and tissue regeneration, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been considered to be a promising source for treating autoimmune disease or as anti-aging therapy. Although direct evidence of the role of MSCs in inflammaging has not been thoroughly studied, features reported in senescent MSCs or the aging process of MSCs are associated with inflammaging; MSC niche-driven skewing of hematopoiesis toward the myeloid lineage or oncogenesis, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and weakening their modulative property on macrophage polarization, which plays a central role on inflammaging development. This review explores the role of senescent MSCs as an important regulator for onset and progression of inflammaging and as an effective target for anti-aging strategies. [BMB Reports 2020; 53(2): 65-73].

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Impact of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Senescence on Inflammaging

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