OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the association between gut microbiota and postpartum depression (PPD) through meta-analysis, providing a basis for effective clinical preventive interventions..
METHODS: Systematic searches were conducted in English databases (Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, PubMed) for studies published up to April 2025. Literature screening used a double-blind method, and quality assessment was performed with the AHRQ methodological tool evaluating 11 core dimensions. Meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 18.0 software on eligible studies.
RESULTS: Twelve studies were included. α-Proteobacteria was a significant risk factor for PPD (OR = 1.19, 95%CI: 1.11-1.28, < 0.05). Protective factors included Bifidobacterium (OR = 0.82), Ruminococcaceae (OR = 0.88), Prevotellaceae (OR = 0.89), Veillonellaceae (OR = 0.83), and Clostridia (OR = 0.84). Included studies showed low heterogeneity, with robust results and low publication bias risk. p
CONCLUSION: PPD is closely linked to specific gut microbiota imbalances. α-Proteobacteria may increase PPD risk via inflammatory responses, while beneficial microbiota exert protective effects through neurotransmitter regulation, short-chain fatty acid metabolism, and gut-brain axis modulation. Gut microbiota could serve as a target for PPD intervention and prevention.
Gut-Brain Axis