Metabolic syndrome, genetic susceptibility, and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The UK Biobank Study

Oct 17, 2023Diabetes, obesity & metabolism

Metabolic syndrome and genetic risk linked to chronic lung disease in UK Biobank participants

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Abstract

During 2,658,936 person-years of follow-up, 5,877 incident cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were documented.

Individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) had a 24% higher risk of developing COPD compared to those without it.
A high genetic predisposition was associated with a 17% increased risk of COPD compared to low genetic predisposition.
For participants with both MetS and high genetic predisposition, the risk of COPD was 50% higher compared to those without MetS and low genetic predisposition.
There was no significant interaction between metabolic syndrome and genetic risk concerning COPD incidence.

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AIM: To investigate the effect of metabolic syndrome (MetS), genetic predisposition, and their interactions, on the risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

METHODS: Cohort analyses included 287 868 participants from the UK Biobank Study. A genetic risk score for COPD was created using 277 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for COPD in relation to exposure factors.

RESULTS: During 2 658 936 person-years of follow-up, 5877 incident cases of COPD were documented. Compared with participants without MetS, those with MetS had a higher risk of COPD (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.17-1.32). Compared to participants with low genetic predisposition, those with high genetic predisposition had a 17% increased risk of COPD. In the joint analysis, compared with participants without MetS and low genetic predisposition, the HR for COPD for those with MetS and high genetic predisposition was 1.50 (95% CI 1.36-1.65; P < 0.001). However, no significant interaction between MetS and genetic risk was found.

CONCLUSIONS: Metabolic syndrome was found to be associated with an increased risk of COPD, regardless of genetic risk. It is crucial to conduct further randomized control trials to determine whether managing MetS and its individual components can potentially reduce the likelihood of developing COPD.

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Metabolic syndrome, genetic susceptibility, and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The UK Biobank Study

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