Microbial-Derived Metabolites and Their Impact on Cancer Immunotherapy

Four classes of bacterial metabolites may play a critical role in shaping immune responses and influencing cancer treatment outcomes.

• Inosine, indole, bile acids, and short-chain fatty acids are highlighted for their potential impact on antitumor immunity.
• These metabolites may have complex effects on immune cells that are context-dependent.
• Both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties of these metabolites suggest potential therapeutic applications and challenges.
• Current preclinical findings and ongoing clinical trials indicate possible strategies for enhancing cancer immunotherapy through microbiome modulation.
• Further insights into the mechanisms of these metabolites are needed to develop precision treatment approaches.

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