Microbiome, probiotics and neurodegenerative diseases: deciphering the gut brain axis

Gut microbiota may be targeted for biotherapies to address chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome and neurodegenerative disorders.

• Probiotic biotherapies can promote a healthy gut environment by balancing bacterial populations.
• The gut microbiota communicates with the host through biochemical and functional links, influencing health and homeostasis.
• Dysbiosis in the gut is associated with neurological diseases, highlighting the importance of gut-brain communication.
• Three mechanisms facilitate communication between the gut and the brain: direct neuronal pathways, hormonal signals, and immune responses.
• Probiotics may counteract harmful effects of aging, including reduced neurotransmitter levels and chronic inflammation, which are linked to neurodegeneration.
• Patients with neurodegenerative diseases often experience gastrointestinal issues, suggesting that gut microbiota management could impact disease symptoms.

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