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Abstract
Changes in the intestinal microbiota may influence Alzheimer's disease through various biochemical mechanisms.
- Short-chain fatty acids produced by the gut microbiome regulate gut and blood-brain barrier permeability.
- These fatty acids may upregulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor and promote the growth of new blood vessels and neurons.
- They are associated with the regulation of tau and Aβ proteins, microglial activity, and neuroinflammation.
- Cognitive impairment is linked to low levels of specific gut microbiota in individuals with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.
- Certain bacterial species may improve cognitive function in affected individuals.
- Further longitudinal studies are necessary to explore precision medicine for patients with gut microbiota imbalances in early stages of Alzheimer's.
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