Micronutrient and Nutritional Deficiencies Associated With GLP ‐1 Receptor Agonist Therapy: A Narrative Review

Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 7.5% of GLP-1RA users at 6 months and 13.6% at 12 months.

• GLP-1 receptor agonists may lead to micronutrient deficiencies due to reduced appetite and altered absorption.
• Iron depletion was noted, with users having 26%-30% lower ferritin levels compared to those on SGLT2 inhibitors.
• Over 60% of GLP-1RA users consumed less than the estimated requirements for calcium and iron.
• Average vitamin D intake among users was only 20% of the recommended levels.
• Insufficient protein and calcium intake contributed to lean mass loss, while thiamine and cobalamin deficits increased over time.
• The association between GLP-1RA therapy and nutritional deficiencies is based on observational data, limiting causal conclusions.

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