Synchronization of the Molecular Clockwork by Light- and Food-Related Cues in Mammals

Light stimuli induce phase shifting responses in clock genes, notably increasing Per1, Per2, and Dec1 expression.

• The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) serves as the master circadian clock in mammals.
• Peripheral oscillators are synchronized by the SCN, particularly during ad libitum feeding.
• Temporal restricted feeding acts as a weak synchronizer for the SCN clockwork.
• Coupling restricted feeding with caloric restriction alters clock gene expression timing within the SCN.
• The circadian timing system components can be synchronized by conflicting temporal and metabolic cues.

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