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Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines have shown tremendous potential in preventing infectious diseases and cancer immunotherapy.
- Optimization of mRNA vaccines is hindered by issues such as instability, innate immune responses, and low protein expression efficiency in living organisms.
- Recent advancements in mRNA sequence design and delivery technologies have led to improved production of therapeutic proteins.
- Emerging mRNA approaches, including circular RNA (circRNA) and self-amplifying RNA (saRNA), are being explored to enhance vaccine efficacy and safety.
- Computational technologies for vaccine design have advanced significantly, aiding in the development of more effective mRNA vaccines.
- Manufacturing challenges remain for mRNA-based vaccines, but potential solutions are being explored.
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