As urbanisation accelerates, artificial lighting at night (ALAN) has reshaped the nocturnal living environment of urban life. The mutual influence between light environmental variables and their interaction with environmental and climatic variables have not been studied sufficiently. We choose birds as indicator species, which can reflect ecosystem health, and acoustic indices as indicator variables. In our research, we explore the following questions: (1) The extent of the influence of natural light on bird diversity in the urban nocturnal. (2) How urban bird diversity changes under the influence of ALAN ? (3) Investigate the different patterns of bird diversity in urban parks with different environmental characteristics. To achieve such goals, we conducted a field survey of the soundscape and lighting environment, using reliable environmental data sources to assist the analysis. Ultimately, we captured linear and nonlinear relationships between variables by establishing models such as GLMs and GAMMs. Following conclusion are derived: (1) Nocturnal natural light in urban environments has some mild effects on bird diversity, which is amplified by climatic factors and ALAN. (2) ALAN has a more significant effect on bird diversity. The peak positive effect of ALAN on bird diversity at a value of 0.002 W/(mĀ·srĀ·Ī¼m). (3)Urban birds demonstrate a degree of behavioral and ecological adaptation to nocturnal light conditions. Interactions between ALAN and urban habitat features collectively shape diversity outcomes. 2
