Nose-to-brain delivery: exploring newer domains for glioblastoma multiforme management

Mar 30, 2020Drug delivery and translational research

Direct Nose-to-Brain Delivery as a New Approach for Treating Aggressive Brain Tumors

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Abstract

The median survival time for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients is only 1 to 2 years.

Nose-to-brain delivery may enhance drug penetration into the brain.
The olfactory and trigeminal nerve pathways could help bypass traditional barriers to brain targeting.
Intranasal delivery is proposed as a method for transporting drugs, genes, and stem cell carriers directly to glioma cells.
Most studies on intranasal delivery strategies are still in the preclinical stage.

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Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive form of the primary brain tumors in humans. The intricate pathophysiology, the development of resistance by tumor cells, and the inability of the drugs to effectively cross the blood-brain and blood-tumor barriers result in poor prognosis for GBM patients, with a median survival time of only 1 to 2 years. Nose-to-brain delivery offers an attractive, noninvasive strategy to enhance drug penetration or transport novel drug/gene carriers into the brain. Although the exact mechanism of intranasal delivery remains elusive, the olfactory and trigeminal nerve pathways have been found to play a vital role in circumventing the traditional barriers of brain targeting. This review discusses the intranasal pathway as a novel domain for delivering drugs and nanocarriers encapsulating drugs/genes, as well as stem cell carriers specifically to the glioma cells. Considering the fact that most of these studies are still in preclinical stage, translating such intranasal delivery strategies from bench to bedside would be a critical step for better management and prognosis of GBM. Graphical abstract.

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Nose-to-brain delivery: exploring newer domains for glioblastoma multiforme management

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