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Abstract
Specific gut microbiota imbalances, such as a reduction in Bifidobacterium, are commonly associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
- Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) like ASD emerge in early childhood and affect cognitive, behavioral, and motor development.
- Environmental factors, particularly nutrition, significantly influence the severity and manifestation of ASD symptoms through the gut microbiome.
- Dietary imbalances, particularly from ultra-processed foods, disrupt gastrointestinal health and microbiome composition.
- Early-life exposures and dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean and ketogenic diets, may support cognitive function and neurodevelopment.
- Maternal nutrition, stress, and epigenetic factors during early life can contribute to brain development and gut dysbiosis, impacting NDDs.
- Future research should prioritize large-scale longitudinal studies and integrative multi-omics approaches to enhance understanding of NDDs.
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