Oat Fiber Modulates Hepatic Circadian Clock via Promoting Gut Microbiota-Derived Short Chain Fatty Acids

Dec 20, 2021Journal of agricultural and food chemistry

Oat Fiber May Influence Liver's Daily Rhythm by Increasing Gut Bacteria Short Chain Fatty Acids

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Abstract

Oat fiber prevented the production of obesity and dyslipidemia caused by a high-fat diet in C57BL/6 mice.

A high-fat diet disrupted the normal daily patterns of liver clock genes and was associated with changes in serum triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting insulin, and insulin resistance.
Oat fiber reversed the disrupted daily oscillations caused by a high-fat diet.
The effects of oat fiber and the high-fat diet were linked to a pattern of short chain fatty acid production by gut microbiota.
The study suggests that gut microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids may play a role in regulating circadian rhythm.
Further research is needed to clarify the significance of circadian rhythm pathways in preventing and treating metabolic disorders in humans.

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The biological alteration of circadian rhythm was found to be related to the development of metabolic disorders. Our previous studies reported that impaired lipid metabolism caused by a high-fat diet was improved by oat fiber, but did not attempt to answer whether the improvement is mechanistically linked to circadian rhythm. By focusing on circadian alteration, the present study aimed to elucidate the effect of gut microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on circadian rhythm in a high-fat diet experimental paradigm with and without dietary oat fiber feeding. The results showed that oat fiber prevented the production of obesity and dyslipidemia caused by a high-fat diet in C57BL/6 mice. From a circadian perspective specifically, a high-fat diet disrupted the hepatic circadian protein expressions of the liver clock genes, which were in parallel with the altered oscillation of serum triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting insulin, and the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index. Oat fiber, by contrast, reversed these disrupted diurnal oscillations. Most interestingly, what a high-fat diet induced and what oat fiber prevented were dictated in a close oscillation pattern resembling that of SCFA production facilitated by the intestinal microbiome. Given the results from the present study and from others that demonstrated the role played by SCFAs in regulating circadian rhythm, we conclude that the beneficial effects of oat fiber are likely mediated by complex processes involving multiple mechanisms including a signal transduction pathway of gut microbiota-derived SCFAs to hepatic circadian protein expression to lipid and other metabolic oscillations. The latter warrants more investigation to further determine whether the circadian rhythm pathway has any major and causal significance for the outcome measures in the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders in humans.

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Oat Fiber Modulates Hepatic Circadian Clock via Promoting Gut Microbiota-Derived Short Chain Fatty Acids

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