Effects of Oat Fiber Intervention on Cognitive Behavior in LDLR^–/– Mice Modeling Atherosclerosis by Targeting the Microbiome–Gut–Brain Axis

Nov 25, 2020Journal of agricultural and food chemistry

Oat Fiber's Effects on Thinking and Behavior in Mice with Heart Disease by Changing Gut Bacteria and Brain Interaction

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Abstract

Oat fiber improved cognitive behavior in LDLR mice by reducing cognitive impairment indicators after 14 weeks of treatment.

Cognitive impairment was observed in LDLR mice on a high fat/cholesterol diet.
Oat fiber reduced latency to the platform and increased the number of crossings and swimming distance in the target quadrant.
Oat fiber inhibited plaque processing in the cortex and hippocampus by decreasing specific protein expressions.
Activation of an inflammasome and signaling pathways related to inflammation were blocked by oat fiber.
Oat fiber increased expressions of receptors and proteins that support gut health and diversity of gut microbiota.
The findings suggest a link between oat fiber, its metabolites, and reduced neuroinflammation through the microbiome-gut-brain axis.

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It is known that cardiovascular disease can result in cognitive impairment. However, whether oat fiber improves cognitive behavior through a cardiovascular-related mechanism remains unclear. The present work was aimed to elucidate the potential of oat fiber on cognitive behavior by targeting the neuroinflammation signal and microbiome-gut-brain axis in a mouse model of atherosclerosis. Male low-density lipoprotein receptor knock-out (LDLR) mice were treated with a high fat/cholesterol diet without or with 0.8% oat fiber for 14 weeks. Behavioral tests indicated that LDLRmice exhibited a significant cognitive impairment; however, oat fiber can improve cognitive behavior by reducing latency to the platform and increasing the number of crossing and swimming distance in the target quadrant. Oat fiber can inhibit Aplaque processing in both the cortex and hippocampus via decreasing the relative protein expression of GFAP and IBα1. Notably, oat fiber inhibited the nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome activation and blocked the toll-like receptor 4 signal pathway in both the cortex and hippocampus, accompanied by a reduction of circulating serum lipopolysaccharide. In addition, oat fiber raised the expressions of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) receptors and tight junction proteins (zonula occludens-1 and occludin) and improved intestinal microbiota diversity via increasing the contents of gut metabolites SCFAs. In summary, the present study provided experimental evidence that dietary oat fiber retarded the progression of cognitive impairment in a mouse model of atherosclerosis. Mechanistically, the neuroprotective potential was related to oat fiber and its metabolites SCFAs on the diversity and abundance of gut microbiota that produced anti-inflammatory metabolites, leading to repressed neuroinflammation and reduced gut permeability through the microbiome-gut-brain axis. -/--/-β

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Effects of Oat Fiber Intervention on Cognitive Behavior in LDLR^–/– Mice Modeling Atherosclerosis by Targeting the Microbiome–Gut–Brain Axis

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