Immunity

How Obesity and Diabetes Cause Inflammation and What It Means for Health

Updated

Abstract

Nutrient excess may trigger immune activation through pattern recognition receptors and the NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to interleukin (IL)-1β production.

  • Chronic inflammation is linked to obesity and its related disorders, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
  • Initially adaptive inflammation can lead to beneficial tissue remodeling and metabolic compensation.
  • Persistent inflammation is associated with insulin resistance, β cell dysfunction, and damage to organs.
  • Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have demonstrated notable anti-inflammatory effects.
  • Some effects of GLP-1 medicines may occur independently of glucose control or weight loss.

Simplified

Full Text

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Funding

Competing interests

Declaration of interests D.J.D. has received consulting fees from Anylam, Amgen, AstraZeneca Inc., Crinetics, Eli Lilly Inc., Insulet, Kailera Therapeutics, Kallyope, Metsara, and Pfizer Inc. and speaking fees from Novo Nordisk Inc. Mount Sinai Hospital has received investigator-initiated grant support from Amgen, Eli Lilly Inc., Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, and Zealand Pharmaceuticals Inc. to support preclinical studies in the Drucker laboratory. M.Y.D. has received consulting fees from Eli Lilly Inc. and Novo Nordisk and is a member of the clinical advisory board of Olatec.
PubMed

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