Obesity metabolic and hormonal disorders associated with obstructive sleep apnea and their impact on the risk of cardiovascular events

Obesity is the most important risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events.

• The prevalence of obesity is rising, contributing to a higher incidence of OSA.
• OSA may worsen weight gain and exacerbate obesity-related health issues.
• Both obesity and OSA are linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality.
• Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the standard treatment for moderate to severe OSA, but it has not significantly reduced major cardiovascular events in clinical trials.
• Weight loss can improve OSA, provided the weight reduction is sustained.
• Lifestyle changes and medication are preferred for treating obesity, while bariatric surgery may be the best option for severe obesity combined with moderate to severe OSA.

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