Obstructive sleep apnea comorbid with insomnia symptoms and objective short sleep duration is associated with clinical and preclinical cardiometabolic risk factors: Clinical implications

Sep 18, 2024Sleep medicine

Obstructive sleep apnea with insomnia and short sleep is linked to heart and metabolism risk factors

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Abstract

Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly elevated in the insomnia with objective short sleep duration (ISSD) group compared to the insomnia with normal sleep duration (INSD) group.

The risk of hypertension was 3.88 times higher in the ISSD group compared to the INSD group.
Plasma IL-6 levels and insulin resistance, indicated by the glucose/insulin ratio, were significantly increased in the ISSD group.
No significant difference in CRP levels was observed between the ISSD and INSD groups.
The findings suggest that the negative impact of insomnia comorbid with sleep apnea on cardiometabolic health may be influenced by the ISSD phenotype.

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BACKGROUND: Insomnia with objective short sleep duration (ISSD) but not insomnia with normal sleep duration (INSD) is associated with cardiometabolic morbidity. It has been reported that sleep apnea comorbid with insomnia (COMISA) confers higher cardiovascular risk than each condition alone. We hypothesize that the association of COMISA with clinical (hypertension) and preclinical (inflammatory and metabolic) biomarkers is driven by the ISSD phenotype.

METHODS: A clinical sample of 101 adults with mild-to-moderate OSA (mmOSA) (5 ≤ AHI <30) and insomnia symptoms underwent polysomnography or home sleep apnea testing, blood pressure measures (BP), fasting blood glucose, insulin, CRP and IL-6 plasma levels. Insomnia was based on PSQI. Objective short sleep duration was based on the median total sleep time of the sample. Participants were classified into 2 groups based on objective sleep duration: mmOSA with ISSD vs. mmOSA with INSD. Analysis of covariance and logistic regression analysis were conducted controlling for confounders.

RESULTS: Systolic and diastolic BP were elevated in the ISSD group compared to INSD group (p = 0.039 and p = 0.004, respectively). Also, the risk of hypertension was significantly higher in the ISSD (OR = 3.88, 95%CI = 1.26-11.95, p < 0.05) compared to INSD group. Plasma IL-6 concentrations and insulin resistance as indexed by glucose/insulin ratio were significantly higher in the ISSD group compared to INSD group (both p < 0.05). CRP levels were not different between the two groups.

CONCLUSION: It appears that the additive adverse effects of COMISA on cardiometabolic risks are driven by the ISSD phenotype, a finding with potential implications for further phenotyping COMISA.

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Obstructive sleep apnea comorbid with insomnia symptoms and objective short sleep duration is associated with clinical and preclinical cardiometabolic risk factors: Clinical implications

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