Outer Retinal Structure and Function Deficits Contribute to Circadian Disruption in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Patients with type 2 diabetes exhibited a 1-hour earlier dim light melatonin onset compared to healthy controls.

• Patients with diabetes reported higher subjective sleep scores compared to healthy controls.
• There was a reduction in pupil constriction amplitude for red stimuli in patients with diabetes.
• The early postillumination pupil response for blue stimuli was also reduced in patients with diabetes.
• No significant differences were found in light exposure patterns or activity levels between groups.
• A significant correlation indicated that thinner outer retinal thickness is associated with earlier dim light melatonin onset and lower pupil amplitudes.

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